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16:30   Session 5A: Biomass Chair: Sotirios Karellas 16:30 20 mins Experimental investigation of the domestic CHP ORC system in transient operating conditions Grzegorz Zywica, Tomasz Kaczmarczyk, Eugeniusz Ihnatowicz, Tomasz Turzynski Abstract: Small CHP units play an increasingly important role in modern energy systems. They are capable of cogenerating heat and electricity, operating with high efficiencies as well as using waste heat as a renewable and clean energy source. Implementing this type of technology can be done by applying the ORC system in which—by means of an expansion device—it is possible to produce electricity from heat (e.g. originating from combustion of biomass or other renewable/non-renewable resources). This article discusses the research conducted on a small CHP ORC system, which has been developed with the aim of using it in single-family houses. The electric and thermal power of the system is 2.5 kW and 25 kW, respectively. A working prototype of the system was built in 2014 and since then it has been the subject of different kinds of studies. The results of the preliminary research show that the prototype of the ORC system functions properly and achieves its predicted performance [1]. This research was carried out in laboratory conditions that usually differ from real operating conditions. The article presents the results of further testing intended to verify whether the prototype operates properly under various operating conditions. During the tests, the system's performance was evaluated based on the changes in such parameters as thermal load, flow rates of the working mediums and electrical load of the turbo generator. In the course of the research, the following parameters were measured: temperatures, pressures, flow rates and electrical parameters associated with the operation of the turbo generator. The obtained results demonstrate that the prototype of the ORC system was able to operate correctly despite abrupt changes in some of these parameters. Furthermore, the safeguards applied to the regulation system protected the safety of people situated in the immediate vicinity of the installation as well as the installation itself against damage. Lab tests have also shown that the oil-free turbo generator—equipped with gas bearings [2,3]—can operate over a wide range of rotational speeds, allowing adjustment of the generated power according to the current energy demand. References: [1] Żywica G., Kiciński J., Kaczmarczyk T.Z., Ihnatowicz E., Turzyński T., Bykuć S., Prototype of the domestic CHP ORC system: construction and experimental research, 3rd International Seminar on ORC Power Systems, October 12-14, Brussels (Belgium), 2015 [2] Kiciński J., Żywica G., Steam microturbines in distributed cogeneration, Springer 2014 [3] Kaczmarczyk T.Z., Żywica G., Ihnatowicz E., Experimental investigation of a radial microturbine in organic Rankine cycle system with HFE-7100 as working fluid, 3rd International Seminar on ORC Power Systems, October 12-14, Brussels (Belgium), 2015 16:50 20 mins Dynamic simulations supporting the design process of a real combined heat and power application in Switzerland Adrian Rettig, Ulf Christian Müller, Lukas Gasser, Jonas Hurter Abstract: In many European countries the production of combined heat and power based on renewable energies is well established thought the efficient and economical operation of such plants remains a challenging task. This also applies to the existing district heating network at Baden-Dättwil (Switzerland) where a conventional gas boiler is substituted by a wood-fired boiler comprising an Organic Rankine Cycle. An overall control strategy that allows fully exploring governmental incentives is therefore of paramount importance. In addition, the highly fluctuating heat demands combined with the thermal inertia of the different plant components impose demanding requirements to the control system to guarantee a stable as well as highly efficient operation. The overall control concept is successfully tested and verified by means of dynamic simulations of the overall plant with a simplified model for the district heating network. The models are implemented using the object oriented modeling language Modelica. The overall model is based on open source Modelica libraries such as ThermoCycle, Modelica Standard Library and StateGraph2 as well as on own Modelica models. The overall model is prepared to be coupled to the real plant control system which will allow virtual commissioning in the next step. This allows pre-tuning of control parameters as well as a weakness analysis which again helps to speed up the commissioning process. In General, the dynamic simulations proved to be a useful tool that deepened the insight and understanding of the plant operation at an early project phase and therefore greatly supported the making of design decisions. After commissioning, the calibrated simulation models will be used for monitoring purposes. 17:10 20 mins Combined cold, heat and power system, based on an Organic Rankine Cycle, using biomass as renewable heat source for energy saving and emissions reduction in a supermarket Joaquín Navarro-Esbrí, Francisco Molés, Bernardo Peris, Adrián Mota-Babiloni, José Pascual Martí, Roberto Collado, Manuel González Abstract: Supermarkets are one of the most representative fields of energy consumption in developed countries. Typically, energy consumptions are due to cold, heat and electricity requirements. So a Combined Cold, Heat and Power (CCHP) system (also called trigeneration system) can be used to reduce energy demands and, hence, greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere. In this way, this work proposes a small-scale Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) CCHP application in a supermarket. The ORC has been designed to be used with a biomass boiler, and to produce electricity and useful heat at two different temperature levels related to an absorption chiller and supermarket heating demand. With this in mind, this work conducts the experimental characterization of the CCHP system in a test bench. Thereby, the experimental results obtained are used to predict the expected performance of the system under the supermarket conditions, as well as to quantify the energy, environmental and economic benefits of the application. 17:30 20 mins Simulation based performance evaluation of biomass fired cogeneration plant with ORC Jacek Kalina, Mateusz Swierzewski, Marcin Szega Abstract: Nowadays the most popular technology for small and medium scale decentralised biomass fired cogeneration plants is the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC). The number of plants of this type in constantly growing. Although the technology is commercially available and proven in a number of plants, there are still some issues to be considered in the context of performance improvement. In existing plants the main ones are related to control of the combustion process due to variable properties of biomass and to thermal load management that has impact on ORC condenser. In this paper the results of computer simulation of newly built ORC based cogeneration plant are presented. The system consists of VAS thermal oil boiler and Turboden T6−CHP ORC unit of 606 kW electric power output. The model of the plant has been built using Ebsilon Professional simulation software. Operation of the plant is simulated assuming different thermal loads, ambient conditions and biomass quality. Sensitivity of the plant to operating conditions is examined. General performance indices are presented as well as some possibilities for improvements are being identified.